A statute authorizes an agency to issue safety rules. The statute provides that any final rule "shall have no force" if the House Safety Committee passes a resolution disapproving it within 30 days. The agency issues...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 7, INS v. Chadha
...Act. This essay tests Congress's Reconstruction Amendment enforcement powers and limits. U.S. Const. amend. XIII, U.S. Const. amend. XIV, sec. 5, City of Boerne v. Flores, United States v. Morrison, Tennessee v. Lane, Jo...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIII, U.S. Const. amend. XIV, sec. 5, City of Boerne v. Flores, United States v. Morrison, Tennessee v. Lane, Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
A federal judge is impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate for bribery. The Senate orders removal, disqualification from future federal office, a fine, and six months in prison. Federal prosecutors then ind...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 2, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 3, Nixon v. United States
A federal statute authorizes a board made up of executives from the five largest trucking companies to set binding minimum rates for all smaller trucking companies. A federal agency must publish the board's rates but...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, Carter v. Carter Coal Co., A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
...y and the member's Speech or Debate Clause defenses. This essay tests congressional investigations, subpoenas, valid legislative purpose, and Speech or Debate immunity. U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 6, cl. 1, McGrain v. Daugh...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 6, cl. 1, McGrain v. Daugherty, Watkins v. United States, Gravel v. United States, Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund, Trump v. Mazars USA, LLP
A member of Congress reads subpoenaed documents into the record during a committee hearing, then gives the same documents to a campaign consultant who posts them with campaign commentary. The target of the documents s...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 6, cl. 1, Gravel v. United States, United States v. Brewster
...te? The best answer identifies the valid legislative purpose limit on congressional investigations. U.S. Const. art. I, McGrain v. Daugherty, Watkins v. United States, Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, McGrain v. Daugherty, Watkins v. United States, Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund
An agency relies on a decades-old statute authorizing it to require "reasonable reports" from regulated companies. The agency then orders a nationwide restructuring of the entire industry, claiming the reporting provi...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, West Virginia v. EPA, Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA
...statement is most accurate? The best answer applies the separation-of-powers limit on Congress retaining control over officers who execute federal law. U.S. Const. art. I, U.S. Const. art. II, Bowsher v. Synar, Buckley v...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, U.S. Const. art. II, Bowsher v. Synar, Buckley v. Valeo
Congress directs an agency to set workplace exposure limits for a chemical at levels "reasonably necessary to protect workers from material health risks, considering feasibility." A manufacturer argues that Congress u...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 1, J.W. Hampton, Jr. & Co. v. United States, Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc.
Congress enacted the Clean Ports Act. The Act directs the Environmental Agency to set port-emissions standards "necessary to protect public health while considering cost, technological feasibility, and port reliabilit...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 1, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 7, INS v. Chadha, J.W. Hampton, Jr. & Co. v. United States, Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc.
...ublic interest. Small data brokers challenge the Act on separation-of-powers grounds. The Commission argues that Congress may use expertise and broad standards to address modern technology. Analyze the delegation, privat...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 1, A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, Carter v. Carter Coal Co., Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc., West Virginia v. EPA
Congress enacts a statute barring any person from serving in the House of Representatives if the person has previously been censured by a state legislature. A candidate who meets the constitutional age, citizenship, a...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 2, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 5, Powell v. McCormack, U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
Congress enacts a statute under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment requiring states to change their court-access procedures after hearings documenting repeated denials of access to disabled litigants. The statute a...
Citations: U.S. Const. amend. XIV, sec. 5, City of Boerne v. Flores, United States v. Morrison
...ation, exclusion, and expulsion issues. This essay tests impeachment, congressional qualifications, exclusion, and expulsion powers. U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 2, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 3, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 5, U.S...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 2, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 3, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 5, U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 6, Powell v. McCormack, U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, Nixon v. United States
...ognizes both permissible limited for-cause protections and the bar on congressional removal control. U.S. Const. art. II, Myers v. United States, Humphrey's Executor v. United States, Bowsher v. Synar, Seila Law LLC v. C...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, Myers v. United States, Humphrey's Executor v. United States, Bowsher v. Synar, Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
Congress created the Consumer Algorithm Commission. The statute provides that the Commission will be led by a single Director appointed by the Speaker of the House for a five-year term, removable by the President only...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, Buckley v. Valeo, Morrison v. Olson, Edmond v. United States, Lucia v. SEC, Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
The President recognized the government of Country X after a disputed revolution. Without submitting anything to the Senate, the President signed an executive agreement with Country X settling claims between U.S. comp...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, United States v. Belmont, United States v. Pink, Dames & Moore v. Regan, Medellin v. Texas, Zivotofsky v. Kerry
A federal court orders production of specific Oval Office recordings needed for a criminal trial of private defendants. The President invokes executive privilege, arguing that all presidential communications are absol...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, United States v. Nixon
A federal grand jury investigating bribery by private contractors subpoenaed recordings of Oval Office meetings between the President and senior advisers. The subpoena identifies specific dates and topics and seeks ev...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, United States v. Nixon, Nixon v. Fitzgerald, Clinton v. Jones, Trump v. Vance
A former federal contractor sues the President for civil damages based on a statement the President made during an official press conference explaining termination of a federal contract. Another plaintiff sues the Pre...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, Nixon v. Fitzgerald, Clinton v. Jones, Trump v. Vance
Congress authorizes defensive naval patrols but expressly forbids seizure of neutral merchant ships. The President orders naval commanders to seize such ships anyway, citing the Commander in Chief Clause and operation...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 8, U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, Little v. Barreme
Congress creates a new federal enforcement agency led by a Director who may issue binding rules, sue regulated parties, and is supervised by no other executive officer except the President. The statute provides that t...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, sec. 2, Buckley v. Valeo, Edmond v. United States
...Analyze the constitutional issues under Article II and separation-of-powers principles. This essay tests Youngstown categories, emergency executive action, commander-in-chief claims, and Take Care limits. U.S. Const. ar...
Citations: U.S. Const. art. II, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, Zivotofsky v. Kerry, Train v. City of New York
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