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Congress appropriated funds for grants to private schools, including religious schools, to buy math textbooks. A federal taxpayer sued, claiming the grants violate the Establishment Clause. A second taxpayer sued to challenge an executive agency's discretionary purchase of religious-themed artwork for agency offices, alleging only that her tax dollars supported the purchase. A bookstore sued to challenge a state law prohibiting customers under age 21 from buying certain political books, arguing that its customers' speech rights are violated. Finally, a fair-housing organization sued a landlord, alleging that the landlord's discriminatory steering practices forced the organization to divert staff from counseling to investigation and testing.
Analyze standing for the two taxpayers, the bookstore, and the organization.